Stones

Marble is one of the most iconic and luxurious natural stones, widely used in architecture, sculpture, and interior design for centuries. Known for its elegant veining, smooth texture, and timeless appeal, marble has been a symbol of wealth, sophistication, and artistic excellence across different cultures.

Origins & Geological Formation

Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone subjected to extreme heat and pressure over millions of years. This process recrystallizes calcite, creating a dense, fine-grained stone with its characteristic veining. The veins are formed due to mineral impurities, such as iron, graphite, or clay, resulting in various colors and patterns.

Historical Significance

Marble has been highly valued since ancient times for its beauty and durability. Some of the most famous historical uses include:

• Ancient Greece & Rome – Used in temples, sculptures, and monuments, such as the Parthenon and Pantheon.
• Renaissance Period – Artists like Michelangelo sculpted masterpieces like David from Carrara marble.
• Modern Architecture – Used in luxury hotels, government buildings, and high-end residences worldwide.

Major Marble Sources Around the World

• Some of the most famous marble quarries are:
• Carrara, Italy – Home to the world-famous Carrara marble, prized for its pure white color.
• Calacatta, Italy – A premium type of white marble with bold veining.
• Marmara, Turkey – Known for its linear, zebra-like veining.
• Danby, USA (Vermont) – Produces high-quality white marble with soft veining.
• Makrana, India – Used in the construction of the Taj Mahal.

Physical & Chemical Properties of Marble

Marble is a natural metamorphic rock that possesses a combination of aesthetic beauty and unique physical characteristics, making it a popular choice for architecture, sculpture, and interior design. However, its softness and porosity require special care compared to harder stones like granite or quartzite. Below, we explore the key physical and chemical properties that define marble.

1. Physical Properties of Marble

Composition & Hardness

• Main mineral: Calcite (CaCO₃), sometimes with traces of quartz, graphite, iron oxides, or mica.
• Hardness: Ranges from 3 to 4 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it softer than granite and quartzite.
• Texture: Smooth, fine-grained, and naturally glossy when polished.
• Density: Typically 2.5 to 2.7 g/cm³, meaning it is heavier than many artificial materials.

Why It Matters: Marble is softer than quartz or granite, making it easier to carve and shape but also more prone to scratching and chipping.

Porosity & Water Absorption

• Porous nature: Marble is naturally porous, meaning it absorbs liquids if not properly sealed.
• Water absorption rate: Generally 0.1% to 0.5%, meaning it can stain easily from wine, coffee, citrus, and oils.

Why It Matters: Regular sealing is essential to protect marble surfaces from staining and etching.

Veining & Color Variations

• Veining patterns: Formed due to mineral impurities, making each slab unique.

Color range:

• White Marble: (Carrara, Calacatta) – High-purity calcite, subtle veining.
• Black Marble: (Nero Marquina) – High carbon content, dramatic contrast.
• Green Marble: (Verde Alpi) – Rich in serpentine minerals.
• Pink, Red, and Gold Variations: (Rosso Levanto, Crema Marfil) – Iron oxide traces.

Why It Matters: Each slab of marble is unique, which adds exclusivity to every project but may require careful slab selection for consistency.

2. Chemical Properties of Marble

Reactivity to Acids & Chemicals

• Since marble is primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), it reacts with acidic substances, causing etching (dull spots or marks).

• Common acidic substances that damage marble:
• Lemon juice
• Vinegar
• Wine
• Coffee
• Harsh cleaning chemicals

Why It Matters: Avoid using acidic cleaners or exposing marble to acidic foods and drinks to prevent surface damage.

Heat Resistance

• Marble is naturally heat-resistant, making it a good choice for fireplaces, kitchen backsplashes, and baking surfaces.
• However, sudden extreme temperature changes (thermal shock) can cause cracking.

Why It Matters: While marble can withstand heat, using trivets and coasters is still recommended to protect the surface.

Durability & Longevity

• With proper care and maintenance, marble can last for decades or even centuries.
• Over time, patina (a soft, aged look) develops, enhancing its character.

Why It Matters: While marble is not as hard as granite, its timeless beauty and ability to develop character over time make it a preferred choice for luxury interiors.

Final Thoughts

• Marble is an elegant, natural stone with unique veining and soft texture.
• It is more porous and softer than granite or quartzite, requiring sealing and gentle maintenance.
• It reacts with acids, so protective measures are necessary in kitchens and bathrooms.
• Despite its delicacy, marble can last for generations if properly cared for.

Applications of Marble in Interior Design & Construction

Marble is one of the most versatile and luxurious natural stones, used in high-end residential and commercial projects worldwide. Its elegant appearance, smooth texture, and unique veining make it a favorite for both classic and contemporary designs. Below, we explore the top applications of marble in interior design and construction.

1. Countertops & Kitchen Surfaces

• Marble countertops add a luxurious and timeless appeal to kitchens.
• Popular choices: Carrara, Calacatta, and Statuario marble for white, elegant surfaces.
• Ideal for baking areas due to its natural ability to stay cool.
• Requires sealing to prevent stains from acidic foods like wine, lemon juice, and vinegar.

Trend Alert: Honed (matte) finishes are becoming more popular than polished marble in modern kitchens to reduce visible etching.

2. Bathroom Vanities & Showers

• Marble vanities create a spa-like luxury feel in bathrooms.
• Used for countertops, shower walls, and bathtubs.
• White and light-colored marbles (e.g., Calacatta, Thassos) are popular for bright, elegant bathrooms.

Tip: Using large slabs instead of tiles creates a seamless, high-end look.

3. Flooring & Staircases

• Marble floors are commonly found in luxury homes, hotels, and office lobbies.
• Offers a cool and smooth surface, perfect for warm climates.
• Most popular colors: White, beige, and grey for a neutral, classic aesthetic.

Considerations: Marble floors can be slippery when polished, so honed or textured finishes are recommended for high-traffic areas.

4. Fireplace Surrounds & Feature Walls

• A marble fireplace surround adds sophistication to any living room or bedroom.
• Commonly used with bookmatched slabs for a dramatic effect.
• Black and dark marbles (e.g., Nero Marquina) are trending for bold, modern interiors.

Trend Alert: Backlit marble walls are becoming a trend in high-end restaurants, hotels, and penthouses.

5. Luxury Furniture & Decorative Elements

• Marble coffee tables, side tables, and dining tables are popular in high-end interior designs.
• Marble sinks and bathtubs add a touch of exclusivity to bathrooms.
• Often used in sculptures, wall art, and decorative panels.

Tip: Combining marble with metal (gold, brass, or stainless steel) creates a modern, elegant contrast.

6. Outdoor Applications

• Some denser marbles are used for exterior cladding, fountains, and patio flooring.
• Not all marble is suitable for outdoor use, as some varieties are more porous and weather-sensitive.

Tip: If using marble outdoors, choose a honed or textured finish for better slip resistance and durability.

7. Commercial & Hospitality Use

• Found in luxury hotels, high-end retail stores, and corporate offices.
• Used for hotel lobbies, spa interiors, high-end bars, and office reception areas.
• Carrara and Calacatta marble remain favorites for commercial projects due to their elegant white backgrounds.

Example: The Taj Mahal, The Pantheon, and The Lincoln Memorial are some of the most famous architectural landmarks made of marble.

Final Thoughts

• Marble enhances interiors with its elegance and natural beauty.
• It is widely used for countertops, floors, fireplaces, and high-end furniture.
• Regular maintenance is necessary to keep marble looking pristine.
• It remains a top choice for luxury residential and commercial designs.

Pros & Cons of Marble

Marble is one of the most luxurious and elegant natural stones, widely used in architecture, interior design, and high-end construction. However, despite its beauty, it has both advantages and disadvantages that should be considered before choosing it for a project. Below is a detailed breakdown of the pros and cons of marble.

Pros of Marble

1. Timeless Beauty & Luxury Appeal

• One of the most visually stunning natural stones.
• Adds sophistication and elegance to any space.
• Available in a wide range of colors and unique veining patterns.
• Used in historical monuments, luxury homes, and high-end interiors for centuries.

Best For: Homeowners and designers who want a high-end, classic, and luxurious look.

2. Unique & Natural Patterns

• Every slab of marble is one-of-a-kind with distinct veining and color variations.
• Adds character and exclusivity to interiors.
• Available in a variety of white, black, green, beige, and pink shades.

Tip: If consistency in pattern is important, carefully select matching slabs before installation.

3. Heat Resistance

• Naturally heat-resistant, making it a good choice for fireplaces, backsplashes, and pastry countertops.
• Preferred by chefs and bakers because it stays cool and is ideal for rolling dough.

Warning: While heat-resistant, marble can still crack due to thermal shock, so always use trivets and heat pads.

4. Increases Property Value

• A marble interior can significantly boost real estate value due to its luxurious appeal.
• Many buyers associate marble kitchens, bathrooms, and flooring with high-end living.

Best For: Homeowners looking to add long-term value to their property.

5. Versatile for Many Applications

• Used for countertops, flooring, wall cladding, vanities, furniture, and sculptures.
• Can be polished to a high-gloss finish or honed for a matte, modern look.

Trending: Honed finishes are becoming more popular due to their lower visibility of etching and scratches.

Cons of Marble

1. High Maintenance & Porosity

• Marble is naturally porous, meaning it absorbs liquids and can stain easily.
• Requires regular sealing to prevent stains from wine, coffee, citrus, and oils.
• Not ideal for busy kitchens unless the homeowner is prepared for regular upkeep.

Solution: Applying a quality sealant every 6-12 months can help reduce porosity and staining risks.

2. Susceptible to Etching & Scratches

• Acidic substances (vinegar, lemon juice, wine, etc.) cause etching, leaving dull spots on the surface.
• Softness (Mohs scale: 3-4) makes it prone to scratches, chips, and cracks.

Solution:

• Use cutting boards and coasters to protect the surface.
• Choose honed (matte) marble instead of polished to reduce the visibility of etching.

3. Costly Material & Installation

• Premium marble slabs (e.g., Calacatta, Statuario) can be extremely expensive.
• Installation requires skilled professionals, increasing labor costs.

Estimated Costs in Canada:

• Material Price: $80 – $500 per sq. ft., depending on the type and rarity.
• Installation: $50 – $200 per sq. ft., including cutting, sealing, and polishing.

4. Not Ideal for High-Traffic Areas

• Marble flooring can become slippery when polished, posing a safety risk.
• In commercial spaces and high-traffic homes, marble may show wear over time.

Solution: Use anti-slip coatings or honed/textured finishes in high-traffic areas.

5. Susceptible to Weather Damage (If Used Outdoors)

• Not all marble types are suitable for outdoor use.
• Exposure to rain, snow, and extreme weather can cause erosion and discoloration.
• White marbles may develop yellowing due to mineral oxidation.

Solution: Use denser marble varieties and ensure proper sealing for outdoor installations.

Final Verdict: Is Marble Right for You?

✔ Best For:

• Homeowners and designers looking for luxury, uniqueness, and elegance.
• Low-traffic areas like bathrooms, vanities, feature walls, and decorative elements.
• Those willing to invest in regular maintenance to keep it looking pristine.

✖ Not Ideal For:

• Busy kitchens prone to spills and high-impact use.
• Homes with small children or pets (due to scratching and staining risks).
• High-traffic commercial spaces where durability is a priority.

Marble vs. Similar Stones: How Does It Compare?

Choosing the right stone for your home or commercial project involves comparing different materials based on durability, maintenance, cost, and aesthetics. While marble is a classic choice, alternatives like granite, quartz, porcelain, quartzite, and onyx offer their own unique advantages. Below is a detailed comparison of marble against these popular stone options.

1. Marble vs. Granite

Best for: Marble suits luxury bathrooms, decorative elements, and low-traffic kitchens, while granite is ideal for busy kitchens and commercial areas due to its durability.

2. Marble vs. Quartz

Best for: Quartz is perfect for low-maintenance, high-traffic kitchens, while marble is better for luxury designs where natural beauty is prioritized.

3. Marble vs. Porcelain

Best for: Porcelain is ideal for budget-conscious homeowners wanting a marble look with minimal maintenance, while marble is best for authentic, high-end luxury interiors.

4. Marble vs.Quartzite

Best for: Quartzite is a great alternative for those who love the look of marble but want a more durable surface.

5. Marble vs.Onyx

Best for: Onyx is best for decorative features like backlit walls and accent pieces, while marble is more versatile for functional surfaces.

Final Verdict: Which One Should You Choose?

✔ Choose Marble if:

• You want timeless elegance with unique veining.
• You are okay with regular maintenance and sealing.
• Your project involves low-traffic areas like bathrooms and accent walls.

✔ Choose Granite if:

• You need a tough, scratch-resistant surface for kitchens.
• You want a lower-maintenance natural stone.

✔ Choose Quartz if:

• You prefer a non-porous, stain-resistant countertop.
• You like the marble look but want lower upkeep.

✔ Choose Porcelain if:

• You want a cost-effective alternative to marble.
• You need a durable, easy-to-clean surface.

✔ Choose Quartzite if:

• You want the beauty of marble with better durability.
• You need a surface that resists etching and scratches.

✔ Choose Onyx if:

• You want an exotic, decorative stone for accent walls.
• You don’t mind high maintenance and fragility.

Marble Pricing & Installation Costs in Canada

Marble is considered one of the most luxurious and elegant natural stones, but it comes with a wide price range depending on the type, quality, and installation process. Below, we break down marble costs in Canada, including material prices, installation fees, and factors affecting pricing.

1. Cost of Marble per Square Foot in Canada

The price of marble varies significantly based on the rarity, quality, and origin of the stone. Here’s an estimated breakdown of marble slab costs in Canada:

Key Takeaway:

• Carrara and Crema Marfil are budget-friendly.
• Calacatta, Statuario, and Onyx are luxury marbles with premium prices.

2. Marble Installation Costs in Canada

The installation cost of marble depends on the complexity of the project, labor fees, and finishing options. Here’s an estimated breakdown:

Key Takeaways:

• Countertops are more expensive to install due to precision cutting.
• Marble flooring is more affordable but needs professional sealing.
• Feature walls and fireplaces are high-end projects, costing significantly more.

3. Factors That Affect Marble Pricing in Canada

1. Type & Rarity of Marble

• Common marbles (Carrara, Crema Marfil) are more affordable.
• Premium marbles (Calacatta, Statuario, Onyx) cost significantly more due to rarity.

2. Slab vs. Tile

• Slabs (for countertops) are more expensive, requiring larger cuts and precision.
• Tiles (for floors/walls) are cheaper and easier to install.

3. Thickness of Marble

• Standard 2cm slabs are more affordable than 3cm slabs, which are more durable.
• Thicker slabs (3cm) are preferred for countertops and luxury applications.

4. Finishing & Edge Profiles

• Polished finishes are standard but honed/matte finishes may cost more.
• Decorative edge profiles (beveled, ogee, waterfall) add to installation costs.

5. Labor & Location in Canada

• Marble installation is labor-intensive, so costs are higher in cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal.
• Smaller cities may have lower labor costs but fewer material options.

4. Is Marble Worth the Cost?

✔ Best Investment If:

• You want a high-end, luxurious look.
• You’re willing to do regular maintenance and sealing.
• You’re designing aesthetic, low-traffic spaces (bathrooms, feature walls, fireplaces, etc.).

✖ Not Ideal If:

• You need a low-maintenance, stain-resistant surface (Consider Quartz or Porcelain).
• Your kitchen experiences heavy use and frequent spills (Consider Granite or Quartzite).

Marble Maintenance & Care Tips

Marble is a timeless and elegant stone, but it requires proper care and maintenance to keep its beauty intact. Since it’s a porous and relatively soft material, it can be prone to scratches, stains, and etching if not properly maintained. Below are essential tips on cleaning, sealing, and protecting marble surfaces to ensure longevity.

1. Daily Cleaning Routine for Marble

Use pH-Neutral Cleaners

• Harsh chemicals like vinegar, bleach, or ammonia can etch and dull the surface.
• Use pH-neutral stone cleaners or mild dish soap mixed with warm water.

Use a Soft Cloth or Microfiber

• Avoid abrasive sponges or scrubbers that can scratch the surface.
• Use a soft cloth or damp microfiber towel for daily wiping.

Wipe Up Spills Immediately

• Acidic liquids (wine, lemon juice, coffee, soda, vinegar) can cause permanent etching.
• Oily substances (olive oil, butter, cosmetics) can penetrate and stain marble.

Dust & Dry Mop Regularly

• For marble floors, use a dry mop or soft-bristle broom to remove dust.
• Avoid using vacuum cleaners with beater bars, as they may scratch the stone.

2. Sealing Marble: How Often & Why?

Since marble is porous, sealing is essential to prevent stains and water damage.

How Often Should You Seal Marble?

• Countertops & Kitchen Surfaces → Every 6–12 months
• Marble Flooring → Every 1–2 years
• Bathroom Vanities & Showers → Every 6–12 months
• High-Traffic Areas → More frequent sealing may be required

How to Check If Your Marble Needs Sealing?

• Drop a few drops of water on the surface.
• If the water absorbs quickly, it’s time to reseal the marble.
• If the water beads up, the seal is still intact.

Best Type of Marble Sealers:

• Penetrating Sealers: Absorb into the stone, providing long-lasting protection.
• Topical Sealers: Create a protective layer but may alter the natural look of marble.

Tip: Always clean and dry the surface before applying a new sealant for the best results!

3. Preventing Scratches, Etching & Stains

Use Coasters & Trivets

• Always use coasters for drinks (especially acidic beverages like wine or juice).
• Place trivets under hot pans to prevent thermal shock.

Avoid Abrasive Cleaning Tools

• Don’t use steel wool, hard brushes, or scouring pads.
• Stick to microfiber cloths and soft sponges.

Use Cutting Boards

• Never cut directly on marble – use a cutting board to prevent scratches.

Protect High-Traffic Areas

• Use rugs or mats in entryways and kitchen areas to prevent wear.
• Felt pads on furniture legs help prevent scratches on marble flooring.

4. Deep Cleaning & Stain Removal for Marble

How to Remove Water Stains?

• Buff gently with a dry microfiber cloth.
• If persistent, apply a baking soda & water paste, let sit for 5 minutes, then rinse.

How to Remove Oil-Based Stains (Grease, Makeup, Lotion)?

• Mix baking soda and water into a paste, apply to the stain, cover with plastic wrap, and let sit overnight.
• Wipe off and rinse with a pH-neutral cleaner.

How to Remove Acidic Etching (Lemon, Wine, Vinegar)?

• Apply a marble polishing powder and gently buff with a soft cloth.
• Severe etching may require professional resurfacing.

How to Remove Rust Stains?

• Apply a commercial rust remover safe for marble.
• Avoid harsh acids like lemon juice or vinegar, as they will cause more damage.

5. Long-Term Care & Restoration

• Re-polish marble every few years to restore its shine.
• If deep scratches or dull spots appear, consider professional refinishing.
• For extensive damage, a marble restoration expert can hone and reseal the surface.

Final Thoughts: Is Marble Hard to Maintain?

Marble is not completely maintenance-free, but with the right care, it can last a lifetime.
If you seal it regularly, clean it properly, and take preventive measures, it remains stunning for decades.

Marble Trends & Popularity in Canada

Marble has remained a timeless luxury material in Canada, but its popularity and applications have evolved with modern design trends. From high-end kitchen countertops to statement bathroom walls, Canadians continue to embrace marble in both residential and commercial spaces. Below, we explore the latest marble trends, color preferences, and its demand in the Canadian market.

1. Why Is Marble So Popular in Canada?

Luxury & Elegance: Marble is synonymous with high-end aesthetics, making it a top choice for premium homes and commercial spaces.
Natural Beauty: Each slab is unique, offering one-of-a-kind veining patterns and textures.
Versatility: Works for countertops, floors, backsplashes, feature walls, fireplaces, and even furniture.
Resale Value: Homes with marble installations tend to increase in property value, making it a solid investment.

2. Most Popular Marble Colors in Canada (2024 Trends)

While white marble has traditionally been the most sought-after, recent trends show a growing interest in bold and unique colors. Here are the most in-demand marble types:

Key Takeaways:

• White marbles (Calacatta, Carrara, Statuario) remain top choices for classic elegance.
• Black and brown marble (Nero Marquina, Emperador) are trending in modern interiors.
• Unique colors like green and pink marble are emerging in luxury and designer projects.

3. Where Is Marble Most Commonly Used in Canada?

Luxury Kitchens – White marble countertops and waterfall islands dominate high-end home designs.
Spa-Like Bathrooms – Heated marble floors and sleek showers add a touch of opulence.
Feature Walls & Fireplaces – Bold marble slabs replace traditional paint or wallpaper.
Commercial Spaces – High-end hotels, retail stores, and office buildings use marble for elegant lobbies and reception areas.

2024 Trend: “Bookmatched marble” (mirrored vein patterns on adjacent slabs) is gaining massive popularity in high-end spaces!

4. Is Marble Still a Good Investment in Canada?

✔ Yes! Marble remains a premium material that adds long-term value to homes.
Resale potential: Homes with marble kitchens, bathrooms, or fireplaces attract more buyers.
Design flexibility: Marble can blend with modern, classic, and minimalist interiors.

✖ Considerations:

• Maintenance is required (sealing, cleaning, and scratch prevention).
• Alternative stones like quartz or porcelain may be better for high-traffic kitchens.

Final Thoughts: Should You Choose Marble for Your Home?

If you love natural beauty, timeless luxury, and unique veining, marble is an excellent choice. While it requires careful maintenance, its prestige and elegance make it worth the investment.

Key Considerations When Choosing Marble

Marble is a luxurious and timeless stone, but selecting the right type, finish, and thickness is crucial to ensure it meets your needs. Whether you’re choosing marble for a kitchen countertop, bathroom vanity, flooring, or fireplace, here are the most important factors to consider before making your investment.

1. Type & Color: Which Marble Suits Your Space?

Marble comes in a variety of colors and veining patterns, each with its own aesthetic appeal and price range.

White Marble (Classic & Elegant)

• Calacatta Marble – High-end, bold veining, pure white background
• Carrara Marble – Softer white, more affordable, subtle gray veining
• Statuario Marble – Luxurious, bright white, dramatic veining

Dark & Bold Marble (Modern & Dramatic)

• Nero Marquina – Deep black with striking white veins
• Emperador Marble – Warm brown tones with golden veins

Exotic Colors (Unique & Trendy)

• Green Marble (Verde Alpi, Rainforest Green) – Spa-like, earthy aesthetic
• Pink Marble (Rosa Portogallo, Rose Marble) – Soft, feminine luxury
• Onyx Marble – Translucent, highly decorative, high maintenance

Tip: Lighter marbles make spaces look bigger and brighter, while darker marbles add depth and luxury.

2. Polished vs. Honed vs. Leathered Finish

The finish of your marble surface affects both aesthetics and durability.

Tip: If you prefer a low-maintenance surface, honed or leathered finishes are better at concealing scratches and etching.

3. Slab vs. Tile: What’s the Best Option?

Slabs – Best for countertops, seamless walls, high-end projects.
Tiles – Budget-friendly, easier to install, best for flooring and backsplashes.

Tip: If you want a luxury, seamless look, choose large slabs with bookmatching for dramatic veining.

4. Marble Thickness: 2cm vs. 3cm

Marble slabs come in two main thicknesses, and the right choice depends on the application.

2cm Marble Slabs (¾ inch)

• Lighter, easier to install
• Requires plywood backing for strength
• More affordable

3cm Marble Slabs (1¼ inch)

• More durable and impact-resistant
• Best for heavy-use kitchen countertops
• Higher cost but better long-term durability

Tip: If you want a bold, thicker marble look, you can opt for mitered edges, which create the illusion of a thicker slab.

5. Maintenance & Stain Resistance

• Marble is porous, so it requires regular sealing to prevent stains.
• Acidic liquids (wine, coffee, lemon juice) can etch the surface.
• If you prefer a low-maintenance alternative, consider quartz or porcelain.

Tip: For high-traffic kitchens, opt for Carrara marble with a honed finish to reduce visible wear.

6. Budget & Cost Considerations

• Basic marbles (Carrara, Crema Marfil): $80 – $150 per sq. ft.
• Luxury marbles (Calacatta, Statuario, Onyx): $200 – $600+ per sq. ft.
• Installation costs in Canada: $50 – $250 per sq. ft. depending on cutting, edging, and sealing.

Tip: If you’re on a budget but want a marble look, consider marble-look quartz or porcelain slabs as alternatives.

Final Thoughts: Is Marble the Right Choice for You?

Choose Marble If:
✔ You love luxury and natural beauty.
✔ You’re okay with regular sealing and maintenance.
✔ You want a high-end, timeless investment for your home.

Consider Other Materials If:
✖ You want a stain-proof, low-maintenance surface (opt for quartz or porcelain).
✖ Your kitchen has heavy traffic and frequent spills (granite or quartzite might be better).